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Even if automation boosts employment at the firm or industry level,the impact on the economy as a whole is less pronounced,adds MIT’s Aguion.In theory,companies that employ robots could be so successful that they might even squeeze competitors out of the market,reducing overall employment.These questions leave researchers a wider space for exploration.But what seems clear at this stage is that the general pessimism about automation is over.

美国麻省理工学院的阿吉昂补充道，就算自动化在企业或行业层面促进了就业，它对整个经济的影响也没那么明显。理论上，采用机器人的企业可能会非常成功，甚至可能把竞争对手挤出市场，从而减少就业的总量。这些问题留给了研究人员更广阔的探索空间。但现阶段看起来已经明朗的一点是，有关自动化的普遍悲观论调已经彻底终结了。