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Thirdly,many developing countries participate in the global industrial chain,especially some countries or regions such as Eastern Europe,East Asia and Southeast Asia.In the past 50 years,the ratio of world trade to world GDP has increased by 1.72 times,of which 80%of the increase occurred between 1986 and 2008.Therefore,the period from 1986 to 2008 is called the golden age of trade liberalization and the”hyper-globalization period”.

However,the rise of trade protectionism and unilateralism in the past decade,coupled with the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and Sino-US trade friction,as well as the recent comprehensive sanctions against Russia by Western countries,have all had or will have an important impact on the global industrial chain.

再次是众多发展中国家参与全球产业链，尤其是东欧、东亚和东南亚等一些国家或地区。在过去50年，世界贸易与世界GDP的比率增加了1.72倍，其中80%的增长发生在1986~2008年。因此，1986~2008年被称为贸易自由化的黄金时代、“超全球化时期”。

但是，近十几年来贸易保护主义、单边主义抬头，再加上新冠肺炎疫情冲击和中美贸易摩擦，以及新近发生西方国家对俄罗斯全面制裁，都对全球产业链已经产生或即将产生重要影响。