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Technological innovations are increasingly spanning sectors,emerging at the intersection of hardware and software,manufacturing and services,integrating previously disparate value chains into larger business ecosystems.Platforms such as Samsung,Apple,Huawei and Google link both service companies and manufacturing companies.

Smartphones are the gateway product of the digital economy,connecting value chains and innovative systems across multiple sectors,such as mobile communications,semiconductors,flat panel displays,cameras,and optical technologies.Likewise,electric vehicles create new links between the traditional automotive industry based on mechanical engineering and the battery industry based on electrochemical technology.With the deepening of the fourth industrial revolution,more and more new technologies have entered commercial applications,and the global industrial chain will show a more extensive cross-industry integration of the service field and the manufacturing field.

技术创新越来越多地跨越部门，出现在硬件和软件、制造业和服务业的交叉点，将以前不同的价值链整合到更大的商业生态系统中。三星、苹果、华为和谷歌等平台既链接服务企业，也链接制造企业。

智能手机是数字经济的门户产品，它连接着多个部门的价值链和创新系统，如移动通信、半导体、平板显示器、相机和光学技术等。同样，电动汽车在基于机械工程的传统汽车行业和基于电化学技术的电池行业之间建立了新的联系。随着第四次工业革命的深入，越来越多的新技术进入商业化应用，全球产业链将更广泛地呈现出服务领域和制造领域的跨行业深度融合。