ABB CI853K01 3BSE018103R1 输出控制模块
PLC控制系统主要由输入部分、CPU、采样部分、输出控制和通讯部分组成，如图1所示。输入部分包括控制面板和输入模板；采样部分包括采样控制模板、AD转换模板和传感器；CPU作为系统的核心，完成接收数据，处理数据，输出控制信号；输出部分有的系统用到DA模板，将输出信号转换为模拟量信号，经过功放驱动执行器；大多数系统直接将输出信号给输出模板，由输出模板驱动执行器工作；通讯部分由通讯模板和上位机组成。
因为PLC本身的故障可能性极小，系统的故障主要来自外围的元部件，所以它的故障可分为如下几种：
（1）输入故障，即操作人员的操作失误；
■传感器故障；
■执行器故障；
■PLC软件故障
这些故障，都可以用合适的故障诊断方法进行分析和用软件进行实时监测，对故障进行预报和处理。
PLC控制系统的故障诊断方法
PLC控制系统故障的宏观诊断
故障的宏观诊断就是根据经验，参照发生故障的环境和现象来确定故障的部位和原因。PLC控制系统的故障宏观诊断方法如下：
■是否为使用不当引起的故障，如属于这类故障，则根据使用情况可初步判断出故障类型、发生部位。常见的使用不当包括供电电源故障、端子接线故障、模板安装故障、现场操作故障等。
■如果不是使用故障，则可能是偶然性故障或系统运行时间较长所引发的故障。对于这类故障可按PLC的故障分布，依次检查、判断故障。首先检查与实际过程相连的传感器、检测开关、执行机构和负载是否有故障：然后检查PLC的I/O模板是否有故障：最后检查PLC的CPU是否有故障。
■在检查PLC本身故障时，可参考PLC的CPU模板和电源模板上的指示灯。
■采取上述步骤还检查不出故障部位和原因，则可能是系统设计错误，此时要重新检查系统设计，包括硬件设计和软件设计。
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